Ibisobanuro & Inkomoko ya Chip
Chip - ijambo rusange kubicuruzwa byigice cya semiconductor, imiyoboro ihuriweho, mu magambo ahinnye nka IC; cyangwa microcircuits, microchips, wafers / chips, muri electronics nuburyo bwo kugabanya miniaturizasi (cyane cyane ibikoresho bya semiconductor, ariko nanone ibice bya pasiporo, nibindi) kandi burigihe bigakorerwa hejuru ya waferi ya semiconductor.
Kuva mu 1949 kugeza 1957, prototypes zakozwe na Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui, ariko umuzunguruko ugezweho wahimbwe na Jack Kilby mu 1958. Yahawe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel cya fiziki mu 2000, ariko Robert Noyce, na we wateje imbere icyerekezo cya kijyambere gifatika icyarimwe, apfa mu 1990.
Inyungu nini ya chip
Nyuma yo kuvumburwa no gutanga umusaruro mwinshi wa tristoriste, ibice bitandukanye bikomeye bya semiconductor nka diode na transistor byakoreshejwe ari byinshi, bisimbuza imikorere ninshingano za tube vacuum mumuzunguruko. Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati kugeza mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya semiconductor ryatumye imiyoboro ihuriweho bishoboka. Ugereranije n'intoki ziteranijwe zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yihariye, imiyoboro ihuriweho irashobora guhuza umubare munini wa micro-transistor muri chip nto, ni iterambere ryinshi. Igipimo cy'umusaruro, kwiringirwa, hamwe nuburyo bwa moderi muburyo bwo kuzenguruka ibizunguruka byuzuzanya bituma iyemezwa ryihuse ryumuzunguruko usanzwe aho gushushanya hamwe na tristoriste yihariye.
Inzira zuzuzanya zifite ibyiza bibiri byingenzi kuri tristoriste yihariye: igiciro nibikorwa. Igiciro gito giterwa nuko chip icapa ibice byose nkigice, aho gukora tristoriste imwe icyarimwe. Imikorere yo hejuru iterwa nibice bihinduka vuba kandi bigakoresha ingufu nke kuko ibice ni bito kandi byegeranye. 2006, agace ka chip kava kuri milimetero kare kare kugera kuri mm 350 kandi gashobora kugera kuri tristoriste miliyoni kuri mm².
(Imbere hashobora kuba miliyari 30 tristoriste!)
Uburyo chip ikora
Chip numuyoboro uhuriweho ugizwe numubare munini wa transistor. Chips zitandukanye zifite ubunini butandukanye bwo guhuza, kuva kuri miliyoni amagana; kugeza kuri mirongo cyangwa amagana ya tristoriste. Transistors ifite leta ebyiri, kuri no kuzimya, zihagarariwe na 1s na 0s. Multiple 1s na 0s byakozwe na tristoriste nyinshi, zashyizwe kumurimo wihariye (urugero, amabwiriza namakuru) kugirango uhagararire cyangwa utunganyirize inyuguti, imibare, amabara, ibishushanyo, nibindi. Nyuma yuko chip imaze gukoreshwa, ibanza gutanga amabwiriza yo gutangira gutangiza chip, hanyuma igakomeza kwakira amabwiriza mashya namakuru kugirango arangize umurimo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-03-2019
